This is a special version of Debian Wheezy which takes advantage of the floating point features of the Raspbery Pi CPU giving a significant speed boost (the standard Debian for ARM doesn't).

Default Setup

Username: pi
Password: raspberry

Running The GUI

Enter the command:

startx

If you need to control the IO pins or modify files in protected locations use:

sudo startx

Built in command line configuration tool

sudo raspi-config

Updating Operating System and Tools

sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get upgrade